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发表于 2004-11-28 16:02:00
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V.xvi Five Preludes(Paris: ed. Max Eschinhg. 1952)The Preludes written by Villa-Lobos were given a partial debut in Montevideo in 1943 when Abel Carlevaro, an Uruguayan guitarist, played the first performance of numbers 3 and 4. As a whole, the Preludes reveals a structural dilemma which might or might not have been smoothed away if the missing sixth Prelude was ever found. Played as a set, the A/B/A form in numbers one, two, and four (number three is A/B/A/B and number five is A/B/C/A), and the restricted deployment of keys, tends to suffocate the spontaneity. A further problem is that the Preludes appear technically easy, which conducts players into a dangerous territory. In many times Villa-Lobos expressed a special affection about the Preludes. Firstly, it is dedicated to 'Mindinha' (Arminda Villa-Lobos, the composer's wife), and secondly they embrace a whole set of Brazilian typical music and feeling, as well. So that, they bear a significant subtitle, as we can see below.Prelude 1(Lyric Melody or Homage to the Countryman) The Prelude 1 is one of the most greeted pieces by general audience. The paradoxes of the melody line are the picture of Brazil and its music. Being melancholic, pungent, almost sad it is, at the same time optimist, always crescendo, devilish, as Villa-Lobos used to say. The second section brings a device taken from the viola caipira :
Prelude 2(Capadocia Melody or Homage to the scoundrel)Similarly the Choro 1, here the melody takes part in the harmony, highlighting the swing of the original Brazilian choro. Villa-Lobos makes it almost caricatural with the exaggerated rubato at the very beginning. Here, the cadence T-DD-D is the most common of the popular genre. Also, the melody is a simple imitation of the clarinet in a Choro's group, usually going up to down, remaining in the middle part.Another interesting point is in the second section of the Prelude. The fixed arpeggio found here is based on the same rhythm combination which is found in carnival's block in some regions of Brazil.Prelude 3(Homage to Bach)It was said before that Bach and the guitar were Villa-Lobos the biggest passions and it can be clearly seen in the two-section Prelude 3. The first one has a vertical structure, including chords and arpeggios. The second is a descendent melody with a pedal on the soprano, that is a quite Baroque device. So that, it could be seen as a Toccata-like form, which explains the subtitle 'Homage to Bach'.Of course, Villa-Lobos could not foresee the future, but his special sixth sense would anticipate in twenty years the Bossa Nova (New Bossa).Prelude 4(Homage to Brazilian Indian) The richness of Villa-Lobos is based on mixture of musical elements. It was due to the kind of education he received, being opened to every cultural manifestation. He was specially fascinated by the Amazon Forest, its tales and the Indian culture. The main theme, in its simplicity, evokes the Indian.After a fast arpeggio in the second section, Villa-Lobos re-expose the main theme, but now in harmonics:Prelude 5(Homage to Social Life)One of the most popular rhythm in Brazil then was, indubitably, the waltz. It was played everywhere, every time by everyone. A classical example of a popular one is João Pernambuco's Rosinha. Villa-Lobos not only paid attention to it, but also paid a tribute to those musicians writing his waltz. It is not just a Waltz, but a Waltz-Choro. |
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