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发表于 2004-10-23 16:18:00
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[资料]意大利音乐家吉罗拉马·弗雷斯科巴尔迪
◆ 吉罗拉马·弗雷斯科巴尔迪（Girolamo Frescobaldi ,1583--1643）◆
吉罗拉马·弗雷斯科巴尔迪是早期意大利巴洛克音乐管风琴作曲家和演奏家。1607年开始在罗马任管风琴师，相传曾有3万人聚集在圣彼得广场聆听他的演奏。
从1608年6月被选为罗马圣彼得大教堂管风琴师以后，终生在此职位上从事音乐活动。他的主要创作体裁是管风琴曲与古钢琴曲。
他是新管风琴乐派的创立者，其作品被视作复调音乐的典范之作，巴赫也手抄其后期名作《音乐的花束》（1635年出版）进行学习。
他的音乐风格特点是，具有戏剧性的创新，大胆采用半音变化而不失逻辑性与结构性。他是首先发展对单一主题创作的新原则的作曲家之一。这个新原则逐渐代替了早期管风琴音乐迅速展示多个主题的手法。对德国（特别是南部）的管风琴学派发展起了重大影响。他对欧洲，特别是德国的管风琴音乐产生了深远的影响。
关于Girolamo Frescobaldi更详细的英文介绍：
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Student of Luzzaschi, teacher of Froberger, and possibly Kerll, Frescobaldi became organist at Rome's Accademia di Santa Cecilia in 1604 . Following a trip to Brussels (1607-1608) Frescobaldi became organist at St. Peter's, Rome, where he served until his death except for six years in the court of Florence (1628- 1634). Frescobaldi is remembered mainly as a composer of works for harpsichord and organ: toccatas, capriccios, ricercars, fantasias, canzonas. Though not truly a contemporary of J. S. Bach, Frescobaldi (who died 42 years before Bach's birth) was identified by Carl Philipp Emanuel as a composer whose works his father had admired. A copy of Frescobaldi's "Fiori musicali" acquired by Bach in 1714 was lost during World War II.
Frescobaldi must be accounted one of the most important keyboard composers of the first half of the 17th century. He was born in Ferrara, where the musical tastes of the ruling duke, Alfonso II d'Este, attracted musicians of great distinction. Moving to Rome at the beginning of the new century, he was under the patronage of Guido Bentivoglio, who took him in 1607 to Brussels, an important centre of keyboard music in the northern European tradition. In 1608 he became organist at St. Peter's in Rome,where he remained until his death, with a brief absence for promised employment in Mantua in 1615 and a subsequent period of six years serving the Medici in Florence.
(1583 - 1643). Italian musical composer, was born in I 583 at Ferrara. Little is known of his life except that he studied music under Alessandro Milleville, and owed his first reputation to his beautiful voice.
He was organist at St Peter's in Rome from 1608 to 1628. According to Baini no less than 30,000 people flocked to St Peter's on his first appearance there. On the 20th of November 1628 he went to live in Florence, becoming organist to the duke. From December 1633 to March 1643 he was again organist at St Peter's.
But in the last year of his life he was organist in the parish church of San Lorenzo in Monte. He died on the 2nd of March 1644, being buried at Rome in the Church of the Twelve Apostles. Frescobaldi also excelled as a teacher, Frohberger being the most distinguished of his pupils.
Frescobaldi's compositions show the consummate art of the early Italian school, and his works for the organ more especially are full of the finest devices of fugal treatment.
He also wrote numerous vocal compositions, such as canzone, motets, hymns, &c., a collection of madrigals for five voices (Antwerp, 1608) being among the earliest of his published works
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